Clearing offers from 48 UCAS tariff points. Subject-specific requirements still apply. See the entry requirements section for details.
If you're curious about how the world works - from conflicts and diplomacy to climate policy and global inequality - this degree helps you turn that curiosity into a career.
At Lincoln, International Relations and Politics is about more than theory. You'll explore how governments make decisions, why global events unfold the way they do, and how policies impact real people. Just as importantly, you'll build practical skills in analysis, communication, and critical thinking - the skills employers are actively looking for.
Why Lincoln? Because this course is designed to help you move from interest, to understanding, to employability, with strong academic support and a clear focus on your future.
If you're curious about how the world works - from conflicts and diplomacy to climate policy and global inequality - this degree helps you turn that curiosity into a career.
At Lincoln, International Relations and Politics is about more than theory. You'll explore how governments make decisions, why global events unfold the way they do, and how policies impact real people. Just as importantly, you'll build practical skills in analysis, communication, and critical thinking - the skills employers are actively looking for.
Why Lincoln? Because this course is designed to help you move from interest, to understanding, to employability, with strong academic support and a clear focus on your future.
Studying at the University of Lincoln was an extremely rewarding experience that helped me define my future career path. The course offers fascinating and thought-provoking subjects during every term of study. I was guided by kind, passionate, and knowledgeable lecturers who gave me the opportunities to thrive and develop during my time at Lincoln.
Thomas Whitlam
BA (Hons) International Relations and Politics
What you’ll learn
This course gives you a strong understanding of how political systems and global relations work and how to apply that knowledge in real-world contexts.
You’ll explore:
By the time you graduate, you won’t just understand global issues — you’ll be able to analyse them, explain them, and contribute to solutions.
How is it possible to compare government in different states in international politics and what can such an exercise tell us about global politics? This module invites students to address this question. In doing so, the module introduces students to the central themes, theories, concepts, and questions of the study of global comparative politics in the 21st Century. he module introduces students to the central themes, theories, concepts, and questions of the study of global comparative politics in the 21st Century. The module begins with a consideration of the development of comparative approaches and the different levels of analysis at which we compare. It then moves on to discuss the core concepts and elements of comparative politics in the modern world such as, democracy, autocracy, parliaments, electoral systems, political parties, bureaucracies, political culture, and political communication and compare those elements across different political systems from around the globe.
This module gives students the opportunity to explore both domestic and international politics through the lens of power and by examining key issues, concepts, and problems relating to studying international relations.
The module is divided into three sections. The first section, Politics, provides students with the opportunity to understand the contested nature of politics as a subject, key conceptual problems within the study of politics and the essential dichotomy at the heart of politics between the individual and the state. The second section, Power, examines the nature and dynamics of different sites of power within politics including democracies, autocracies, revolutionary politics and post-modern politics. The final section of the module, People, gives students the chance to examine four key issues where politics is a site of on-going struggle, by examining contemporary issues pertaining to globalisation, sexual politics, environmentalism, and populism.
This module introduces students to the key institutions and actors in the British political system. The module begins by introducing students to key concepts such as politics, government, representation, pluralism and power before moving on to examine these through the key institutions and actors in British political system. These include the monarchy, the government, the judiciary, political parties, the civil service, and the media. The module also aims to provide students with an introduction to the literature on British politics through an examination of a range of key texts and scholarly debates
This module engages students in a process of identifying and addressing inequities and inequalities within university life. Students will explore current debates in Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI), sustainability and decolonisation, and propose actionable solutions to create a more just, sustainable and equitable higher education environment(s). In doing so they will gain a range of degree-relevant and employment-focused skills.
This module aims to give students the opportunity to develop knowledge and understanding of key social science thinkers and concepts pertinent to all of the disciplines taught within the School. Throughout, students will be encouraged to think critically about the ideas presented and to examine social problems in the light of a range of academic perspectives.
This module will prepare you for a successful degree journey, by supporting and scaffolding you to learn the skills that you need to excel in your social and political science degree. Each week you'll cover a crucial academic skill, which will be tied to the assignment expectations of your specific degree topic, so that the progress you make in this module will also be progress towards your overall degree success.
This module is designed to provide an introduction to the activities of the United Nations, as well as providing an understanding of the practices of international diplomacy and governance. The module will use a discussion of contemporary international issues to explore some of the protocol and procedures of diplomacy at the United Nations. It will also provide students with an introduction to issues of international organization and international law and treaty-making. All of this will assist students in preparing for their role as a “diplomat” at simulated United Nations General Assembly.
In Applying Research you will learn about, propose and practice using different research methodologies in the social sciences. The module is divided into three distinct learning blocks. The first block addresses key philosophical issues that shape social science research and the major methodologies and data analyses techniques used in qualitative research. The second block focuses on quantitative methodologies and the analyses and presentation of quantitative data to a variety of audiences such as potential employers, policymakers, and other academics. The third block concentrates on the application of qualitative and/or qualitative methodologies to create a plan for a small research project that will guide your 3rd year independent study.
This module is designed to place theory at the centre of the study of world politics. It aims to provides a critical overview of the disciplinary literature of international relations from both mainstream and critical perspectives. The module aims to provide students with the opportunity to both understand and critically employ the concepts, approaches and methods of International Relations theory, and to develop an understanding of their contested nature and the problematic character of inquiry in the discipline.
Building upon some of the major ideas and concepts introduced in the first year (level four), this module aims to examine in more depth key debates both in the history of political ideas and in contemporary political analysis. In particular, reference is made to key thinkers from the past who have left their intellectual imprint on political ideas, as well as important contemporary thinkers, in order to assess the contribution that they have made to political theory and the extent to which they have impacted on the practice and analysis of politics.
This module aims to enhance students’ professional and vocational engagement in relation to politics and international relations beyond university. The module focuses on employability and entrepreneurship and aims to provide an awareness of the range of subject-related job roles; developing understanding of, and improving competence in, relevant modes of political and entrepreneurial behaviour; enhancing political- and enterprise-related skills; exploring personal motivations and values; and bringing into class external speakers with relevant degrees now working in a range of related roles. The module’s role in improving citizenship will also be further enhanced by a focus on politics as a voluntary activity.
This module seeks to introduce students to politics at the European level through an analysis of challenges in European politics and policy making. Beginning with the history of European integration and the first attempts to secure peace through economic interdependency, the module focuses on the development of the EU institutions and the ways in which policy-makers, bureaucrats, intellectuals and civil society actors have attempted to resolve problems of cooperation in an ever larger Union.
Policies help to provide guidance to criminal justice officials. Whether in the UK or the USA, policy can help to inform decisions where there may be higher levels of discretion in sentencing guidelines, or where there are important and complex issues that require attention. In this course, you will work alongside students in the UK and the USA to compare criminal justice practices and theory informed by policy. You will learn policy analysis skills, and apply these to understand how criminal justice policy is made, and how it can be used to solve issues across different countries.
This module is delivered online, in collaboration with staff and students from Clemson University, USA.
This module aims to explore the cultural, practical and theoretical developments relating to sex work, drawing upon national and international examples. Taking a comparative approach, this module seeks to understand how scholars conceptualise sex work within different competing feminist frameworks and how these ideas reflect, or are at odds with, popular public and political discourse.
This module aims to enable students to analyse the priorities and developments of welfare states over time, and through analysis of these developments, equip students with the tools to interpret key contemporary social, political, and economic trends.
Education is of vital importance to the world – opportunities, inequalities and the overall health of the global economy relies on it. This module will explore how educational opportunity is framed in the context of the UK (and globally). It will critically explore inequalities in education, drawing on practices and theories within the sociology of education. It will analyse how different social institutions frame education, as well as individual experiences that impact progress, attainment, outcomes and patterns of inequality over the life-course. It will use a lifecourse-based narrative approach comprising early education, primary education, secondary education, further education, higher education and transitions to the labour market, taking into account issues of inequality and immobility throughout.
This module aims to introduce students to the area of foreign policy analysis. It is designed to explore competing explanations for state behaviour and the conduct of inter-state relations in the international domain. The module encourages students to consider the contested role of human agency in global affairs in contrast to disciplinary international relations’ preoccupation with structural considerations. A range of historical and contemporary case studies are used to illuminate the issues under discussion.
This module examines the main challenges facing democratic politics in today’s United States and the main features of the US political system. Why has politics in the United States become so intense and polarised? How different is the US from other countries in terms of its social controversies (guns, immigration, and abortion) or its economic model? And, how endangered is democracy in America? The module aims to provide a detailed historical and theoretical appreciation of the development of US democracy. It examines the principal institutions and actors in the US political system and traces the impact of key ideas, taking account of the impact of wider societal factors on US political life. Students will consider the challenges facing US democracy and what impact these may have on US policymaking both at home and abroad.
This module aims to examine the impact (and sometimes the lack of impact) of ideology on practice in social policy. Whilst the focus of the module is on the experience of the United Kingdom, comparison with other states will be made where appropriate.
Resurgent nationalist violence, transnational migration, and the rise of anti-European populist nationalist parties, have forced academics and policy makers to engage and confront the enduring power of national and ethnic identities and the role they play in contemporary political life. This module explores nations and nationalism, examining the sources of our most basic and powerful feelings of political loyalty and attachment – our ideas about who we are, why we are and who has the right to rule over us. After examining the competing and contrasting approaches to understanding nations and nationalism the module then explores the intersection between nationalism and other key categories in social science such as: political mobilisation, populism, violence, culture, gender, the environment and globalisation.
In the Organised Crime in Global Perspective module, you will delve into the complex and evolving world of organised crime. You will be challenged to critically reflect on the definitions and meanings of organised crime, both in academic discussions and in public discourse. This module guides you through the international nature of organised crime and lets you explore the various social and economic factors that influence it. By the end of this module, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the intricate issues associated with organised crime and its impact on society. You will also develop robust critical thinking and analytical skills to address these challenges. If you are interested in deepening your understanding of the global impact of organised crime and its relevance in contemporary society, this module is an excellent choice for you.
This module will look at contemporary issues in UK policing and their wider societal context. Each week, you will look at a key aspect of British policing, from police culture, the use of force, and policing a diverse society, to big data and predictive policing. You'll explore how crises have often led to fundamental police reforms; and you'll look at different ways of thinking about the purposes of policing: is it enforcing the law? Or making people feel safe? You'll also examine contemporary issues and debates. All of this will build to a single written assignment for which you'll be given a clear template and guidance.
This module aims to address a variety of issues relating to political parties in the United Kingdom. The political science literature covers a wide variety of topics around parties. Amongst those which are examined in this module are the following; the historical development of parties; the role of parties in terms of mobilisation of support, electioneering and campaigning, recruitment of personnel; representation of the electorate and issue-based politics; the partisan divide; and the relationship with the media. These will be examined primarily within the context of a discussion of the three major parties within the British political system including their development, their ideological tenets and their contemporary positions. However, these will be set against the position of other parties within the UK including the Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru and the Northern Irish parties, to which will be added a comparative perspective, drawing upon the roles and experiences of parties in Western Europe.
This module introduces students to analytical and theoretical approaches to sex and sexuality, with special attention to how these are of interest and utility to scholars of politics and society. Central to the module's concerns are the ways in which gender and sexuality are key sites where political claims are made, and through which regulatory processes are imposed and resisted. Thus, the module draws upon the rich literature and scholarship at the intersection of issues of sex, sexuality and politics in order to equip students to both use materials on sex and sexuality in political analysis and to understand the ways in which sex and sexuality are domains central to the operation of power and the constitution of political and social identity.
In this module, you will explore what happens in a major disaster or emergency: who takes charge? How do they know what to do? You'll explore how public services in the UK prepare for disasters, and how they work together to respond. You'll also explore some of the challenges of international disaster management - and how we can build more resilient communities.
The Placement Year gives students an opportunity to develop employability skills by engaging in full-time work within an organisation. The Placement Year is a three-way co-operative activity between employer, student and University from which all parties benefit. It is more than simply obtaining work during a gap in study – work placements should enable students to experience at first hand the daily workings of an organisation while setting that experience in the broader context of their studies.
The Placement Year constitutes a work placement during an academic year and may be funded by full-time paid employment taking place between Level 5 and Level 6. The minimum duration of placement is 39 weeks. Students wishing to undertake the work placement year must successfully complete Level 5 of their programme.
This module will introduce students to how the third sector works, emphasizing the importance of local state actors, and how we make a difference in such spaces. The module examines the the contribution of the third sector to social, economic and political life. It explores of the theories which underpin the study of the third sector, an examination of theories and the current state of volunteering and charitable giving, examination of the historical and current public policy agenda in relation to the third sector in the UK, the EU and more generally and, an overview of current issues in the third sector and how social scientists go about studying them. Furthermore, the module will invite speakers from voluntary sector to share their experiences.
Strategic studies introduce students to the concepts of strategy and war through different case studies. The module offers students the opportunity to explore the different theories and forms of strategy. It also enables student to understand key themes, including the changing nature of war, the security implications of new technologies, the rise of new actors, as well as the different dimensions of conflict in world politics today. The main task students would need to engage with is to evaluate and explain contemporary issues and thus deepen their understanding of Strategic Studies. The transformation in the nature of the current warfare as well as surprising events, such as 9/11 or the rise of new pandemics, have created a new context for study with great implications on core concepts of Strategic Studies.
This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the study of intelligence. It focuses on the basic concepts in intelligence by establishing first what is meant by intelligence, before examining the various elements of intelligence - collection, analysis, counterintelligence and associated activities such as covert political action.
This course aims to provide students with an advanced and comprehensive overview of transnational security in the 21st century. Specifically, it seeks to understand the issues, actors and solutions that drive security agendas in various parts of the world. Through a detailed study of key debates and key issues in the study and practice of security, the module engages with the following three questions: Security for whom and from what?; Security by whom?; Security of what and where? Emphasis will be placed on the philosophical and political connotations of certain security problems, the impact of security actors in the meaning and practice of security, and the ‘constructed’ nature of our understanding of certain contemporary security challenges.
Over half the planet’s population now lives in an urban area and urbanisation across the globe looks set to continue spreading inexorably. The histories of this process are vast and characterised by wealth creation and uneven industrial development, technological transformation and environmental degradation, empire and colonial legacy, social advance and exclusion alike. Cities therefore are contradictory sites of human development patterned by opportunity, inequality, exploitation and conflict. These traits pose challenges for the meeting of human welfare needs and for our understandings of contemporary life within cities. This module aims to enable students to analyse the emergence of cities across time and space, and through analysis of the city, enable students the opportunity to develop the tools to interpret key contemporary sociological, political and policy trends.
This module will develop the following skills and attributes:
• Critical thinking • Independent research • Digital and data literacy • Understandings of society & future generations • Global orientation • Policy analysis
This module seeks to explore the relationship between work and society, drawing on different classical and contemporary sociological theories of work. It aims to examine key areas within the sociology of work such as concepts of work, work-place inequalities, resistance and the reality and challenges of engaging in paid work in the 21st Century.
This module will develop the following skills and attributes:
• Critical thinking • Leadership and influence • Digital and data literacy • Understandings of society & future generations • Global orientation • Policy analysis
This module provides an exciting opportunity for you to learn about the youth justice system in depth, through our partnership with Lincolnshire Youth Offending Service. By engaging with practitioners in the classroom you will see how theories about young people's offending shape contemporary policy and service structures, and how professionals work in practice with young people in the criminal justice system.
This module will prompt you to reflect upon contemporary examples of 'youth deviance' utilising theoretical ideas from the sociologies of youth and deviance. Through a reflection upon contemporary narratives of young people as 'deviant', 'dangerous' and 'out of control', the module encourages critical reflection upon the construction of these narratives. Through engagement with sociological approaches to understanding youth and deviance, you will be introduced to explanations for young people's engagement in activities regarded as 'deviant'. The module will focus upon contemporary examples, such as, youth violence, recreational substance use, and young people's engagement in differing forms of protest movements.
Since the end of the Cold War, politics has taken on more global dimensions. Intensified globalisation, lower barriers to international travel and communication, and the growth of international social movements and non-governmental organisations have provided more opportunities than ever before for people to become active in the global public sphere. How should we go about trying to make global change? Can we legitimately take action on issues in national or cultural contexts far from our own? How should we understand the connections between local action and global solutions? This module will examine the opportunities and obstacles for our meaningful participation in a global public sphere. The module will help students to gain a more critical and nuanced understanding of the possibilities of (their own) global citizenship.
This module is the capstone of the research skills training that you have developed in your programme. It aims to build your capacity for independent research: thinking and problem solving, design of an independent research project, selection of an appropriate topic and methodology, and writing up of results in a substantial dissertation. Guidance will be provided throughout by your designated supervisor. To support students with an applied and practical interest in the subject matter, the module coordinator and supervisor may decide to allow you to base their research project on a negotiated work placement, whether arranged independently by yourself t or through the University, where the learning outcomes will be demonstrated by a work-placed project along with a reflective report on their experience that engages with relevant academic literature.
This module will support students in developing their knowledge of a range of perspectives on the policy process and how analyse relevant policy case studies.
It places emphasis on important models and perspectives and explores a range of current ideas which have a significant impact upon the making and implementation of policy, such as the concept of partnership, notions of participation, and issues of accountability.
Have you ever considered a career as a data analyst? Data analysts make sense of large sets of data and help organisations to make informed decisions. Together with Lincolnshire Police and Lincolnshire County Council, we will introduce you to the world of data analysis. You will learn to make sense of real datasets from the police and/or other public bodies. The course will teach you advanced data analysis methods and data visualisations. You will be taught in a way that does not require any maths skills, nor will you be required to learn maths as part of the course. Step-by-step guides will be used to introduce you to the relevant software (e.g., Jamovi and Orange).
The course is not just about theoretical learning; it is an opportunity to learn skills that can help you make a real-world impact. Beyond the technical skills, you will refine your critical thinking and decision-making skills, equipping you with many transferable skills for a wide range of sectors. Dive into a module that is about more than just academia. It is about acquiring skills that can contribute to societal change. Join us to harness the transformative power of data and open doors to a future rich with possibilities.
This module aims to introduce students to different paradigms of the 'body' and 'embodiment'. Recent research suggests that our understandings and our relationship with our own and other ‘bodies’ has been and is continuing to undergo radical changes. This module will seek to explore these ongoing developments in Western and non-Western cultures and societies.
This module serves as an introduction to the international politics of Central Asia. The module explores Central Asia’s domestic post-Soviet transition and analyses the tension between tradition and modernity, the legacies of Soviet rule, political and economic transformation, the rise of absurdist dictatorships, nation-building, clan politics and conflict, protest and revolution. Students will also examine Central Asia in global context by assessing the challenges faced by the region. This includes addressing the region’s geo-strategic significance to international security. It will explore issues such as political Islam and the threat of terrorism, energy security, organised crime and migration, the so-called ‘New Great Game’ for power and influence in the region between Russia the US, EU and China, the international security challenges related to the region’s proximity to Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan and the issue of regional cooperation through Eurasian Economic Union and the Shanghai Organisation Cooperation. There are few places in the UK where students have the opportunity to study the politics and international relations of Central Asia. Thus, students will have a unique opportunity to gain knowledge and understanding of this fascinating and vital region for global politics.
This module aims to encourage critical thinking about the impacts of family policies on children and families through the application of sociological theories and concepts to develop critical explanations. Students who engage with this module will develop an understanding of the nature and complexity of family policies and their impacts; of family change and diversity over time; and how and why particular services and institutions might intervene in family life and shape social experiences and relationships. The module also provides the foundational and critical knowledge required for any professional role that involves engagement with families.
This module responds to calls for scholars of the social sciences - especially those working in areas such as international relations, development studies and transnational and globalization studies - to more fully understand and more critically engage with the complex dynamics that shape relations between the majority and minority worlds. At this outset, this involves identifying how these relationships are informed by the politics of representation and processes of knowledge production and dissemination. In doing so, the module draws upon contemporary debates surrounding postcolonialism and decoloniality. By analysing the complexities of representing diverse voices, experiences and cultures, the module investigates the ethical implications and challenges of speaking for others.
This module considers the role and meanings of drugs in society. You will be asked to consider how we understand concepts such as 'drugs' versus 'medicines', what we mean by 'addiction' and 'harm', as well as the historical and political underpinnings to drugs policy. You will explore concepts such as drug 'normalisation', drug markets and norms of supply, different types of drug use, and the legalisation debate.
This module seeks to emphasise the significance of emotions in everyday social life and to challenge some of the essentialist explanations of human emotion by exploring ‘emotions’ as social constructs. In doing so, the module aims to explore the role emotions play in social action, considering, for example, how we form personal relationships, make sense of death, dying and falling in love. Furthermore, this module will also consider how emotions are ‘gendered’, ‘racialised’ and explore the role they play in the workplace, and in laws and governance.
Stories of extremism and political violence are all around us. Media and social media stories on terrorism and counterterrorism are common, despite terrorism being quite rare in many Western countries. In this module, you will explore the complex issues of extremism and terrorism: what they entail, why they have captured the imagination of so many, and why individuals and groups become radicalised and are willing to commit acts of terrorism.
You will learn about the threats we face and what governments can do to address these issues. You will examine counterterrorism through the lens of the four Ps: Prevention, Pursuit, Protective Security, and Emergency Preparedness. By understanding what extremism and terrorism are, the true threat we face, and how the government responds, you will gain insight into why extremism is escalating and why terrorism will continue to be a significant problem for years to come.
This module explores the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) in contemporary society. GBV is understood as behaviour or attitudes underpinned by inequitable power relations that hurt, threaten or undermine people because of their gender or (perceived) sexuality.
The module starts by addressing the definitions and conceptual boundaries utilised in understanding GBV, and key theoretical perspectives on GBV, taking an in-depth look at debates in GBV scholarship, such as issues around intersectionality, patriarchy and patriarchal bargain, e.g., whether this is a useful concept and how far it can explain (global) gendered power relations. These issues will be developed through case studies of specific forms of GBV such as domestic violence and sexual coercion and rape. These case studies will explore specific forms of GBV in the context of the broader theoretical debates, as well as the current knowledge base on incidence, prevalence and responses to GBV. The module will also explore theoretical, methodological and ethical considerations when researching GBV.
This module explores the concept and practice of global governance. International Relations scholars are increasingly concerned with how international organisations work and how they might work better. Of particular interest is the governance of issues that are inherently global; that is, those that transcend national borders. Examples include migration, health, conflict, poverty and development, trade, finance, the environment and science and technology. The module begins with the historical development of international institutions and key theories that seek to explain how global governance operates currently. It then considers how global governance might be improved, in theory and practice. These ideas are then applied to a range of case studies.
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the governance of global health has become a major issue in world politics. Increasingly, health and healthcare issues cross national borders. Intergovernmental organizations (e.g. the World Health Organization), non-governmental organizations (e.g. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) and multinational corporations (‘big pharma’) play key roles in global health, as well as national governments and health systems. This module examines the key actors in global health and their contributions to the governance of a range of global health issues, such as infectious disease, reproductive health and medical tourism.
Now two decades old, green criminology - the study of environmental harm, crime, law, regulation, victimization, and justice - has increasing relevance to contemporary problems at local, national, and international levels. Students who successfully complete Green Criminology will be able to identify unique major theoretical perspective on how human behavior causes and exacerbates environmental conditions that threaten the planet's viability. Students will develop their critical thinking skills when applying concepts discussed in lectures to seminar activities focused on controversies such as corporate environmental crime, the complicity of international financial institutions, state-sponsored environmental destruction, and the role of non-governmental organizations in addressing environmental harms. The final assessment is creative in nature and students will draw upon a diverse body of research from a variety of disciplines to design and present a poster illustrating a green criminology issue .
This module seeks to delve deeply into the effects that powerful entities have on the struggle for social justice. Rather than taking the customary approach of examining mainly the adversities that underprivileged individuals must confront, this module examines actions of government entities, corporate organisations, and other powerful groups from a critical perspective and human rights standpoint. The concepts of 'harm', 'power' and 'justice' will be thoroughly analysed in order to shed light on practices employed by influential entities, as well as identifying potential courses of action for mitigation, protection, and reparation.
Housing is facing a crisis in the UK. For the past twenty years, social housing lists have far outstripped demand from vulnerable tenants that need more support. Housing is of the upmost importance to personal wellbeing, as well as providing societal and economic benefits. Yet, how has this crisis developed? Why are so many people struggling to find adequate and afford adequate, safe homes? Why is it homelessness continues to be so prevalent and what are policymakers doing to address these issues? These are just some of the questions this module asks through an historical, social and policy exploration of housing in the UK. It will include fieldtrips and analysis from local housing officers – working in the space of housing and homelessness.
This module introduces you to human rights at both the conceptual and practical level. You will explore the theoretical arguments around the source of human rights and identifies some of the problems and possibilities which emerge from such readings. You will produce a report on a real-world contemporary human rights challenge or injustice and link that challenge back to underlying theoretical concerns.
The module aims to enhance the knowledge of Modern Middle East and its international relations through the creation of links between different approaches of IR and regional cases. In this context, it aims to inform the students about the realities of decision making at the foreign policy level but also look at the relations between state and non-state entities on both the regional and international level. The thematic division of the module helps the students acquire knowledge in a range of topical issues of critical importance for the international relations of the Middle Eastern region.
Gender and masculinity are contested in contemporary academic and public debates. Polarised popular narratives construct masculinity as either inherently “toxic”, powerful, and damaging to women (and men), or, in stark contrast, as fragile, under siege, and in urgent need of reclamation. Critical masculinity scholars have scrutinised these claims, examining the role of men and masculinity in creating equality and/or reinforcing inequality in a world profoundly shaped by continuing gendered inequalities and power relations. The module draws on feminist, interdisciplinary masculinity studies to examine academic concepts of masculinity, notions of hegemonic (or ‘dominant’) masculinity, and intersections between masculinity and other factors (for example, race, culture, and sexuality, amongst others). It applies these concepts to understanding how constructions of masculinities function in different empirical contexts to reproduce power and inequalities and/or to provide opportunities for resistance. Students will be encouraged to develop their own critical, informed perspectives on how gender and masculinity shape social and political structures and everyday lives.
This module explores how European countries have responded to increased migration, its challenges, and its opportunities. Students examine how and why European states (including the UK) have at times criminalised migration and at other times encouraged it. They labour migration, family migration, and refugee migration flows to and within Europe since World War II. The module explores how borders have become central to European politics and society, how various actors in the political arena have both propelled this development and responded to it. It examines the influence in this area that interest groups, the EU, and political parties have had. The module particularly examines the UK within this comparative context, using Lincolnshire as a case study.
This module aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop an in-depth knowledge of how the UK Parliament works, in theory and in practice. It will aim to examine Parliament’s twin relationships with the Executive and with the citizen, and situate these within broader theories and debates about democratic accountability and the nature of representation. The module also aims to bring students into closer contact with Parliament through handling Parliamentary materials and by facilitating contact with Parliamentarians through, for example an external speaker series, and when possible an optional visit to Parliament. Please note that where opportunities arise to take part in a trip to Parliament, students are expected to cover their own transportation and meal costs.
In the "Policing Crime and Deviance: UK and Beyond" module, you will explore the diverse forms of policing and the crime control worldwide. This course will provide an in-depth understanding of key policing concepts and how they differ across various global contexts. You will examine a wide range of topics, including the significance of plural policing and the role of private security operations internationally. The module also offers a comparative analysis of race-related policing issues, with specific focus on the UK and the US, and explores vigilante actions in regions like the Global North and the Global South, particularly Latin America. Moreover, you will look into the use of technology in policing, including the study of algorithmic strategies in places such as China. This module provides a valuable opportunity for you to develop your critical thinking and analytical skills and to gain a deep understanding of the complex issues surrounding policing and crime in contemporary societies.
This module looks at the way contemporary issues in UK policing affect Lincolnshire Police in practice. The module is run as a 2-hour workshop, exploring contemporary challenges in policing and how they play out in the operational realities of policing in Lincolnshire. You will be taught at least half of your workshops by policing professionals including serving police officers and other practitioners. Topics covered may include governance, armed police, public order, equality and diversity in policing, mental health, leadership, police culture and assaults.
This module asks students to re-think ‘the political’ and the traditional cannon of Western political thinkers. The module is driven by a single question. What are the limitations of enlightenment ideas? The liberal order has governed our framing and understanding of politics, and earlier modules in the programme (People, Power and Politics, and Thinking Politics) introduced students to key ideas and theorists within the traditional canon of political thought. This module challenges students to critique and deconstruct core concepts that emerged from the enlightenment such as the state, modernity, freedom and rights, national self-determination, sex and sexuality, culture, media and communication, the environment and the public sphere and the module is structured around these themes.
This interdisciplinary module will explore the issues of race, racism, race relations, racial conflict, and practices of anti-racism in the contemporary UK and worldwide. Although the main focus of this module is on the UK, examples from different parts of the world and a comparative lens will enable us to examine these issues from a global perspective. Beginning with colonial discourses of the ‘racial other’ and the history of colonialism, slavery and indentured labour, this module will examine various theoretical and conceptual debates on race and racism, and critically assess how changing conceptualisations of race and racism arise in specific socio-political and historical contexts. The module will also provide students with the chance to assess the continued significance of race and racism in the contemporary world. Students can benefit from an cross-disciplinary approach that addresses themes across Sociology, Criminology, Politics, International Relations, and Social Policy.
This international relations module seeks to explore the ways in which the contemporary international order can be explained as deriving from the global experience of European colonialism and imperialism. It aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop a knowledge of the nature, politics and consequences of the Western imperial penetration.
The module explores political challenges, processes and debates around the presence of culturally diverse populations in the countries such as the UK, Germany, France and examines the role this presence plays in understanding of national identities.
This module explores the origins of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. It investigates a diverse range of reasons for mass atrocities and genocides through placing them historical, political, philosophical and social contexts to illuminate the origins of such harms and their impact on societies.
† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.
How is it possible to compare government in different states in international politics and what can such an exercise tell us about global politics? This module invites students to address this question. In doing so, the module introduces students to the central themes, theories, concepts, and questions of the study of global comparative politics in the 21st Century. he module introduces students to the central themes, theories, concepts, and questions of the study of global comparative politics in the 21st Century. The module begins with a consideration of the development of comparative approaches and the different levels of analysis at which we compare. It then moves on to discuss the core concepts and elements of comparative politics in the modern world such as, democracy, autocracy, parliaments, electoral systems, political parties, bureaucracies, political culture, and political communication and compare those elements across different political systems from around the globe.
This module gives students the opportunity to explore both domestic and international politics through the lens of power and by examining key issues, concepts, and problems relating to studying international relations.
The module is divided into three sections. The first section, Politics, provides students with the opportunity to understand the contested nature of politics as a subject, key conceptual problems within the study of politics and the essential dichotomy at the heart of politics between the individual and the state. The second section, Power, examines the nature and dynamics of different sites of power within politics including democracies, autocracies, revolutionary politics and post-modern politics. The final section of the module, People, gives students the chance to examine four key issues where politics is a site of on-going struggle, by examining contemporary issues pertaining to globalisation, sexual politics, environmentalism, and populism.
This module introduces students to the key institutions and actors in the British political system. The module begins by introducing students to key concepts such as politics, government, representation, pluralism and power before moving on to examine these through the key institutions and actors in British political system. These include the monarchy, the government, the judiciary, political parties, the civil service, and the media. The module also aims to provide students with an introduction to the literature on British politics through an examination of a range of key texts and scholarly debates
This module engages students in a process of identifying and addressing inequities and inequalities within university life. Students will explore current debates in Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI), sustainability and decolonisation, and propose actionable solutions to create a more just, sustainable and equitable higher education environment(s). In doing so they will gain a range of degree-relevant and employment-focused skills.
This module aims to give students the opportunity to develop knowledge and understanding of key social science thinkers and concepts pertinent to all of the disciplines taught within the School. Throughout, students will be encouraged to think critically about the ideas presented and to examine social problems in the light of a range of academic perspectives.
This module will prepare you for a successful degree journey, by supporting and scaffolding you to learn the skills that you need to excel in your social and political science degree. Each week you'll cover a crucial academic skill, which will be tied to the assignment expectations of your specific degree topic, so that the progress you make in this module will also be progress towards your overall degree success.
This module is designed to provide an introduction to the activities of the United Nations, as well as providing an understanding of the practices of international diplomacy and governance. The module will use a discussion of contemporary international issues to explore some of the protocol and procedures of diplomacy at the United Nations. It will also provide students with an introduction to issues of international organization and international law and treaty-making. All of this will assist students in preparing for their role as a “diplomat” at simulated United Nations General Assembly.
In Applying Research you will learn about, propose and practice using different research methodologies in the social sciences. The module is divided into three distinct learning blocks. The first block addresses key philosophical issues that shape social science research and the major methodologies and data analyses techniques used in qualitative research. The second block focuses on quantitative methodologies and the analyses and presentation of quantitative data to a variety of audiences such as potential employers, policymakers, and other academics. The third block concentrates on the application of qualitative and/or qualitative methodologies to create a plan for a small research project that will guide your 3rd year independent study.
This module is designed to place theory at the centre of the study of world politics. It aims to provides a critical overview of the disciplinary literature of international relations from both mainstream and critical perspectives. The module aims to provide students with the opportunity to both understand and critically employ the concepts, approaches and methods of International Relations theory, and to develop an understanding of their contested nature and the problematic character of inquiry in the discipline.
Building upon some of the major ideas and concepts introduced in the first year (level four), this module aims to examine in more depth key debates both in the history of political ideas and in contemporary political analysis. In particular, reference is made to key thinkers from the past who have left their intellectual imprint on political ideas, as well as important contemporary thinkers, in order to assess the contribution that they have made to political theory and the extent to which they have impacted on the practice and analysis of politics.
This module aims to enhance students’ professional and vocational engagement in relation to politics and international relations beyond university. The module focuses on employability and entrepreneurship and aims to provide an awareness of the range of subject-related job roles; developing understanding of, and improving competence in, relevant modes of political and entrepreneurial behaviour; enhancing political- and enterprise-related skills; exploring personal motivations and values; and bringing into class external speakers with relevant degrees now working in a range of related roles. The module’s role in improving citizenship will also be further enhanced by a focus on politics as a voluntary activity.
This module seeks to introduce students to politics at the European level through an analysis of challenges in European politics and policy making. Beginning with the history of European integration and the first attempts to secure peace through economic interdependency, the module focuses on the development of the EU institutions and the ways in which policy-makers, bureaucrats, intellectuals and civil society actors have attempted to resolve problems of cooperation in an ever larger Union.
Policies help to provide guidance to criminal justice officials. Whether in the UK or the USA, policy can help to inform decisions where there may be higher levels of discretion in sentencing guidelines, or where there are important and complex issues that require attention. In this course, you will work alongside students in the UK and the USA to compare criminal justice practices and theory informed by policy. You will learn policy analysis skills, and apply these to understand how criminal justice policy is made, and how it can be used to solve issues across different countries.
This module is delivered online, in collaboration with staff and students from Clemson University, USA.
This module aims to explore the cultural, practical and theoretical developments relating to sex work, drawing upon national and international examples. Taking a comparative approach, this module seeks to understand how scholars conceptualise sex work within different competing feminist frameworks and how these ideas reflect, or are at odds with, popular public and political discourse.
This module aims to enable students to analyse the priorities and developments of welfare states over time, and through analysis of these developments, equip students with the tools to interpret key contemporary social, political, and economic trends.
Education is of vital importance to the world – opportunities, inequalities and the overall health of the global economy relies on it. This module will explore how educational opportunity is framed in the context of the UK (and globally). It will critically explore inequalities in education, drawing on practices and theories within the sociology of education. It will analyse how different social institutions frame education, as well as individual experiences that impact progress, attainment, outcomes and patterns of inequality over the life-course. It will use a lifecourse-based narrative approach comprising early education, primary education, secondary education, further education, higher education and transitions to the labour market, taking into account issues of inequality and immobility throughout.
This module aims to introduce students to the area of foreign policy analysis. It is designed to explore competing explanations for state behaviour and the conduct of inter-state relations in the international domain. The module encourages students to consider the contested role of human agency in global affairs in contrast to disciplinary international relations’ preoccupation with structural considerations. A range of historical and contemporary case studies are used to illuminate the issues under discussion.
This module examines the main challenges facing democratic politics in today’s United States and the main features of the US political system. Why has politics in the United States become so intense and polarised? How different is the US from other countries in terms of its social controversies (guns, immigration, and abortion) or its economic model? And, how endangered is democracy in America? The module aims to provide a detailed historical and theoretical appreciation of the development of US democracy. It examines the principal institutions and actors in the US political system and traces the impact of key ideas, taking account of the impact of wider societal factors on US political life. Students will consider the challenges facing US democracy and what impact these may have on US policymaking both at home and abroad.
This module aims to examine the impact (and sometimes the lack of impact) of ideology on practice in social policy. Whilst the focus of the module is on the experience of the United Kingdom, comparison with other states will be made where appropriate.
Resurgent nationalist violence, transnational migration, and the rise of anti-European populist nationalist parties, have forced academics and policy makers to engage and confront the enduring power of national and ethnic identities and the role they play in contemporary political life. This module explores nations and nationalism, examining the sources of our most basic and powerful feelings of political loyalty and attachment – our ideas about who we are, why we are and who has the right to rule over us. After examining the competing and contrasting approaches to understanding nations and nationalism the module then explores the intersection between nationalism and other key categories in social science such as: political mobilisation, populism, violence, culture, gender, the environment and globalisation.
In the Organised Crime in Global Perspective module, you will delve into the complex and evolving world of organised crime. You will be challenged to critically reflect on the definitions and meanings of organised crime, both in academic discussions and in public discourse. This module guides you through the international nature of organised crime and lets you explore the various social and economic factors that influence it. By the end of this module, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the intricate issues associated with organised crime and its impact on society. You will also develop robust critical thinking and analytical skills to address these challenges. If you are interested in deepening your understanding of the global impact of organised crime and its relevance in contemporary society, this module is an excellent choice for you.
This module will look at contemporary issues in UK policing and their wider societal context. Each week, you will look at a key aspect of British policing, from police culture, the use of force, and policing a diverse society, to big data and predictive policing. You'll explore how crises have often led to fundamental police reforms; and you'll look at different ways of thinking about the purposes of policing: is it enforcing the law? Or making people feel safe? You'll also examine contemporary issues and debates. All of this will build to a single written assignment for which you'll be given a clear template and guidance.
This module aims to address a variety of issues relating to political parties in the United Kingdom. The political science literature covers a wide variety of topics around parties. Amongst those which are examined in this module are the following; the historical development of parties; the role of parties in terms of mobilisation of support, electioneering and campaigning, recruitment of personnel; representation of the electorate and issue-based politics; the partisan divide; and the relationship with the media. These will be examined primarily within the context of a discussion of the three major parties within the British political system including their development, their ideological tenets and their contemporary positions. However, these will be set against the position of other parties within the UK including the Scottish National Party, Plaid Cymru and the Northern Irish parties, to which will be added a comparative perspective, drawing upon the roles and experiences of parties in Western Europe.
This module introduces students to analytical and theoretical approaches to sex and sexuality, with special attention to how these are of interest and utility to scholars of politics and society. Central to the module's concerns are the ways in which gender and sexuality are key sites where political claims are made, and through which regulatory processes are imposed and resisted. Thus, the module draws upon the rich literature and scholarship at the intersection of issues of sex, sexuality and politics in order to equip students to both use materials on sex and sexuality in political analysis and to understand the ways in which sex and sexuality are domains central to the operation of power and the constitution of political and social identity.
In this module, you will explore what happens in a major disaster or emergency: who takes charge? How do they know what to do? You'll explore how public services in the UK prepare for disasters, and how they work together to respond. You'll also explore some of the challenges of international disaster management - and how we can build more resilient communities.
The Placement Year gives students an opportunity to develop employability skills by engaging in full-time work within an organisation. The Placement Year is a three-way co-operative activity between employer, student and University from which all parties benefit. It is more than simply obtaining work during a gap in study – work placements should enable students to experience at first hand the daily workings of an organisation while setting that experience in the broader context of their studies.
The Placement Year constitutes a work placement during an academic year and may be funded by full-time paid employment taking place between Level 5 and Level 6. The minimum duration of placement is 39 weeks. Students wishing to undertake the work placement year must successfully complete Level 5 of their programme.
This module will introduce students to how the third sector works, emphasizing the importance of local state actors, and how we make a difference in such spaces. The module examines the the contribution of the third sector to social, economic and political life. It explores of the theories which underpin the study of the third sector, an examination of theories and the current state of volunteering and charitable giving, examination of the historical and current public policy agenda in relation to the third sector in the UK, the EU and more generally and, an overview of current issues in the third sector and how social scientists go about studying them. Furthermore, the module will invite speakers from voluntary sector to share their experiences.
Strategic studies introduce students to the concepts of strategy and war through different case studies. The module offers students the opportunity to explore the different theories and forms of strategy. It also enables student to understand key themes, including the changing nature of war, the security implications of new technologies, the rise of new actors, as well as the different dimensions of conflict in world politics today. The main task students would need to engage with is to evaluate and explain contemporary issues and thus deepen their understanding of Strategic Studies. The transformation in the nature of the current warfare as well as surprising events, such as 9/11 or the rise of new pandemics, have created a new context for study with great implications on core concepts of Strategic Studies.
This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the study of intelligence. It focuses on the basic concepts in intelligence by establishing first what is meant by intelligence, before examining the various elements of intelligence - collection, analysis, counterintelligence and associated activities such as covert political action.
This course aims to provide students with an advanced and comprehensive overview of transnational security in the 21st century. Specifically, it seeks to understand the issues, actors and solutions that drive security agendas in various parts of the world. Through a detailed study of key debates and key issues in the study and practice of security, the module engages with the following three questions: Security for whom and from what?; Security by whom?; Security of what and where? Emphasis will be placed on the philosophical and political connotations of certain security problems, the impact of security actors in the meaning and practice of security, and the ‘constructed’ nature of our understanding of certain contemporary security challenges.
Over half the planet’s population now lives in an urban area and urbanisation across the globe looks set to continue spreading inexorably. The histories of this process are vast and characterised by wealth creation and uneven industrial development, technological transformation and environmental degradation, empire and colonial legacy, social advance and exclusion alike. Cities therefore are contradictory sites of human development patterned by opportunity, inequality, exploitation and conflict. These traits pose challenges for the meeting of human welfare needs and for our understandings of contemporary life within cities. This module aims to enable students to analyse the emergence of cities across time and space, and through analysis of the city, enable students the opportunity to develop the tools to interpret key contemporary sociological, political and policy trends.
This module will develop the following skills and attributes:
• Critical thinking • Independent research • Digital and data literacy • Understandings of society & future generations • Global orientation • Policy analysis
This module seeks to explore the relationship between work and society, drawing on different classical and contemporary sociological theories of work. It aims to examine key areas within the sociology of work such as concepts of work, work-place inequalities, resistance and the reality and challenges of engaging in paid work in the 21st Century.
This module will develop the following skills and attributes:
• Critical thinking • Leadership and influence • Digital and data literacy • Understandings of society & future generations • Global orientation • Policy analysis
This module provides an exciting opportunity for you to learn about the youth justice system in depth, through our partnership with Lincolnshire Youth Offending Service. By engaging with practitioners in the classroom you will see how theories about young people's offending shape contemporary policy and service structures, and how professionals work in practice with young people in the criminal justice system.
This module will prompt you to reflect upon contemporary examples of 'youth deviance' utilising theoretical ideas from the sociologies of youth and deviance. Through a reflection upon contemporary narratives of young people as 'deviant', 'dangerous' and 'out of control', the module encourages critical reflection upon the construction of these narratives. Through engagement with sociological approaches to understanding youth and deviance, you will be introduced to explanations for young people's engagement in activities regarded as 'deviant'. The module will focus upon contemporary examples, such as, youth violence, recreational substance use, and young people's engagement in differing forms of protest movements.
Since the end of the Cold War, politics has taken on more global dimensions. Intensified globalisation, lower barriers to international travel and communication, and the growth of international social movements and non-governmental organisations have provided more opportunities than ever before for people to become active in the global public sphere. How should we go about trying to make global change? Can we legitimately take action on issues in national or cultural contexts far from our own? How should we understand the connections between local action and global solutions? This module will examine the opportunities and obstacles for our meaningful participation in a global public sphere. The module will help students to gain a more critical and nuanced understanding of the possibilities of (their own) global citizenship.
This module is the capstone of the research skills training that you have developed in your programme. It aims to build your capacity for independent research: thinking and problem solving, design of an independent research project, selection of an appropriate topic and methodology, and writing up of results in a substantial dissertation. Guidance will be provided throughout by your designated supervisor. To support students with an applied and practical interest in the subject matter, the module coordinator and supervisor may decide to allow you to base their research project on a negotiated work placement, whether arranged independently by yourself t or through the University, where the learning outcomes will be demonstrated by a work-placed project along with a reflective report on their experience that engages with relevant academic literature.
This module will support students in developing their knowledge of a range of perspectives on the policy process and how analyse relevant policy case studies.
It places emphasis on important models and perspectives and explores a range of current ideas which have a significant impact upon the making and implementation of policy, such as the concept of partnership, notions of participation, and issues of accountability.
Have you ever considered a career as a data analyst? Data analysts make sense of large sets of data and help organisations to make informed decisions. Together with Lincolnshire Police and Lincolnshire County Council, we will introduce you to the world of data analysis. You will learn to make sense of real datasets from the police and/or other public bodies. The course will teach you advanced data analysis methods and data visualisations. You will be taught in a way that does not require any maths skills, nor will you be required to learn maths as part of the course. Step-by-step guides will be used to introduce you to the relevant software (e.g., Jamovi and Orange).
The course is not just about theoretical learning; it is an opportunity to learn skills that can help you make a real-world impact. Beyond the technical skills, you will refine your critical thinking and decision-making skills, equipping you with many transferable skills for a wide range of sectors. Dive into a module that is about more than just academia. It is about acquiring skills that can contribute to societal change. Join us to harness the transformative power of data and open doors to a future rich with possibilities.
This module aims to introduce students to different paradigms of the 'body' and 'embodiment'. Recent research suggests that our understandings and our relationship with our own and other ‘bodies’ has been and is continuing to undergo radical changes. This module will seek to explore these ongoing developments in Western and non-Western cultures and societies.
This module serves as an introduction to the international politics of Central Asia. The module explores Central Asia’s domestic post-Soviet transition and analyses the tension between tradition and modernity, the legacies of Soviet rule, political and economic transformation, the rise of absurdist dictatorships, nation-building, clan politics and conflict, protest and revolution. Students will also examine Central Asia in global context by assessing the challenges faced by the region. This includes addressing the region’s geo-strategic significance to international security. It will explore issues such as political Islam and the threat of terrorism, energy security, organised crime and migration, the so-called ‘New Great Game’ for power and influence in the region between Russia the US, EU and China, the international security challenges related to the region’s proximity to Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan and the issue of regional cooperation through Eurasian Economic Union and the Shanghai Organisation Cooperation. There are few places in the UK where students have the opportunity to study the politics and international relations of Central Asia. Thus, students will have a unique opportunity to gain knowledge and understanding of this fascinating and vital region for global politics.
This module aims to encourage critical thinking about the impacts of family policies on children and families through the application of sociological theories and concepts to develop critical explanations. Students who engage with this module will develop an understanding of the nature and complexity of family policies and their impacts; of family change and diversity over time; and how and why particular services and institutions might intervene in family life and shape social experiences and relationships. The module also provides the foundational and critical knowledge required for any professional role that involves engagement with families.
This module responds to calls for scholars of the social sciences - especially those working in areas such as international relations, development studies and transnational and globalization studies - to more fully understand and more critically engage with the complex dynamics that shape relations between the majority and minority worlds. At this outset, this involves identifying how these relationships are informed by the politics of representation and processes of knowledge production and dissemination. In doing so, the module draws upon contemporary debates surrounding postcolonialism and decoloniality. By analysing the complexities of representing diverse voices, experiences and cultures, the module investigates the ethical implications and challenges of speaking for others.
This module considers the role and meanings of drugs in society. You will be asked to consider how we understand concepts such as 'drugs' versus 'medicines', what we mean by 'addiction' and 'harm', as well as the historical and political underpinnings to drugs policy. You will explore concepts such as drug 'normalisation', drug markets and norms of supply, different types of drug use, and the legalisation debate.
This module seeks to emphasise the significance of emotions in everyday social life and to challenge some of the essentialist explanations of human emotion by exploring ‘emotions’ as social constructs. In doing so, the module aims to explore the role emotions play in social action, considering, for example, how we form personal relationships, make sense of death, dying and falling in love. Furthermore, this module will also consider how emotions are ‘gendered’, ‘racialised’ and explore the role they play in the workplace, and in laws and governance.
Stories of extremism and political violence are all around us. Media and social media stories on terrorism and counterterrorism are common, despite terrorism being quite rare in many Western countries. In this module, you will explore the complex issues of extremism and terrorism: what they entail, why they have captured the imagination of so many, and why individuals and groups become radicalised and are willing to commit acts of terrorism.
You will learn about the threats we face and what governments can do to address these issues. You will examine counterterrorism through the lens of the four Ps: Prevention, Pursuit, Protective Security, and Emergency Preparedness. By understanding what extremism and terrorism are, the true threat we face, and how the government responds, you will gain insight into why extremism is escalating and why terrorism will continue to be a significant problem for years to come.
This module explores the issue of gender-based violence (GBV) in contemporary society. GBV is understood as behaviour or attitudes underpinned by inequitable power relations that hurt, threaten or undermine people because of their gender or (perceived) sexuality.
The module starts by addressing the definitions and conceptual boundaries utilised in understanding GBV, and key theoretical perspectives on GBV, taking an in-depth look at debates in GBV scholarship, such as issues around intersectionality, patriarchy and patriarchal bargain, e.g., whether this is a useful concept and how far it can explain (global) gendered power relations. These issues will be developed through case studies of specific forms of GBV such as domestic violence and sexual coercion and rape. These case studies will explore specific forms of GBV in the context of the broader theoretical debates, as well as the current knowledge base on incidence, prevalence and responses to GBV. The module will also explore theoretical, methodological and ethical considerations when researching GBV.
This module explores the concept and practice of global governance. International Relations scholars are increasingly concerned with how international organisations work and how they might work better. Of particular interest is the governance of issues that are inherently global; that is, those that transcend national borders. Examples include migration, health, conflict, poverty and development, trade, finance, the environment and science and technology. The module begins with the historical development of international institutions and key theories that seek to explain how global governance operates currently. It then considers how global governance might be improved, in theory and practice. These ideas are then applied to a range of case studies.
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the governance of global health has become a major issue in world politics. Increasingly, health and healthcare issues cross national borders. Intergovernmental organizations (e.g. the World Health Organization), non-governmental organizations (e.g. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation) and multinational corporations (‘big pharma’) play key roles in global health, as well as national governments and health systems. This module examines the key actors in global health and their contributions to the governance of a range of global health issues, such as infectious disease, reproductive health and medical tourism.
Now two decades old, green criminology - the study of environmental harm, crime, law, regulation, victimization, and justice - has increasing relevance to contemporary problems at local, national, and international levels. Students who successfully complete Green Criminology will be able to identify unique major theoretical perspective on how human behavior causes and exacerbates environmental conditions that threaten the planet's viability. Students will develop their critical thinking skills when applying concepts discussed in lectures to seminar activities focused on controversies such as corporate environmental crime, the complicity of international financial institutions, state-sponsored environmental destruction, and the role of non-governmental organizations in addressing environmental harms. The final assessment is creative in nature and students will draw upon a diverse body of research from a variety of disciplines to design and present a poster illustrating a green criminology issue .
This module seeks to delve deeply into the effects that powerful entities have on the struggle for social justice. Rather than taking the customary approach of examining mainly the adversities that underprivileged individuals must confront, this module examines actions of government entities, corporate organisations, and other powerful groups from a critical perspective and human rights standpoint. The concepts of 'harm', 'power' and 'justice' will be thoroughly analysed in order to shed light on practices employed by influential entities, as well as identifying potential courses of action for mitigation, protection, and reparation.
Housing is facing a crisis in the UK. For the past twenty years, social housing lists have far outstripped demand from vulnerable tenants that need more support. Housing is of the upmost importance to personal wellbeing, as well as providing societal and economic benefits. Yet, how has this crisis developed? Why are so many people struggling to find adequate and afford adequate, safe homes? Why is it homelessness continues to be so prevalent and what are policymakers doing to address these issues? These are just some of the questions this module asks through an historical, social and policy exploration of housing in the UK. It will include fieldtrips and analysis from local housing officers – working in the space of housing and homelessness.
This module introduces you to human rights at both the conceptual and practical level. You will explore the theoretical arguments around the source of human rights and identifies some of the problems and possibilities which emerge from such readings. You will produce a report on a real-world contemporary human rights challenge or injustice and link that challenge back to underlying theoretical concerns.
The module aims to enhance the knowledge of Modern Middle East and its international relations through the creation of links between different approaches of IR and regional cases. In this context, it aims to inform the students about the realities of decision making at the foreign policy level but also look at the relations between state and non-state entities on both the regional and international level. The thematic division of the module helps the students acquire knowledge in a range of topical issues of critical importance for the international relations of the Middle Eastern region.
Gender and masculinity are contested in contemporary academic and public debates. Polarised popular narratives construct masculinity as either inherently “toxic”, powerful, and damaging to women (and men), or, in stark contrast, as fragile, under siege, and in urgent need of reclamation. Critical masculinity scholars have scrutinised these claims, examining the role of men and masculinity in creating equality and/or reinforcing inequality in a world profoundly shaped by continuing gendered inequalities and power relations. The module draws on feminist, interdisciplinary masculinity studies to examine academic concepts of masculinity, notions of hegemonic (or ‘dominant’) masculinity, and intersections between masculinity and other factors (for example, race, culture, and sexuality, amongst others). It applies these concepts to understanding how constructions of masculinities function in different empirical contexts to reproduce power and inequalities and/or to provide opportunities for resistance. Students will be encouraged to develop their own critical, informed perspectives on how gender and masculinity shape social and political structures and everyday lives.
This module explores how European countries have responded to increased migration, its challenges, and its opportunities. Students examine how and why European states (including the UK) have at times criminalised migration and at other times encouraged it. They labour migration, family migration, and refugee migration flows to and within Europe since World War II. The module explores how borders have become central to European politics and society, how various actors in the political arena have both propelled this development and responded to it. It examines the influence in this area that interest groups, the EU, and political parties have had. The module particularly examines the UK within this comparative context, using Lincolnshire as a case study.
This module aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop an in-depth knowledge of how the UK Parliament works, in theory and in practice. It will aim to examine Parliament’s twin relationships with the Executive and with the citizen, and situate these within broader theories and debates about democratic accountability and the nature of representation. The module also aims to bring students into closer contact with Parliament through handling Parliamentary materials and by facilitating contact with Parliamentarians through, for example an external speaker series, and when possible an optional visit to Parliament. Please note that where opportunities arise to take part in a trip to Parliament, students are expected to cover their own transportation and meal costs.
In the "Policing Crime and Deviance: UK and Beyond" module, you will explore the diverse forms of policing and the crime control worldwide. This course will provide an in-depth understanding of key policing concepts and how they differ across various global contexts. You will examine a wide range of topics, including the significance of plural policing and the role of private security operations internationally. The module also offers a comparative analysis of race-related policing issues, with specific focus on the UK and the US, and explores vigilante actions in regions like the Global North and the Global South, particularly Latin America. Moreover, you will look into the use of technology in policing, including the study of algorithmic strategies in places such as China. This module provides a valuable opportunity for you to develop your critical thinking and analytical skills and to gain a deep understanding of the complex issues surrounding policing and crime in contemporary societies.
This module looks at the way contemporary issues in UK policing affect Lincolnshire Police in practice. The module is run as a 2-hour workshop, exploring contemporary challenges in policing and how they play out in the operational realities of policing in Lincolnshire. You will be taught at least half of your workshops by policing professionals including serving police officers and other practitioners. Topics covered may include governance, armed police, public order, equality and diversity in policing, mental health, leadership, police culture and assaults.
This module asks students to re-think ‘the political’ and the traditional cannon of Western political thinkers. The module is driven by a single question. What are the limitations of enlightenment ideas? The liberal order has governed our framing and understanding of politics, and earlier modules in the programme (People, Power and Politics, and Thinking Politics) introduced students to key ideas and theorists within the traditional canon of political thought. This module challenges students to critique and deconstruct core concepts that emerged from the enlightenment such as the state, modernity, freedom and rights, national self-determination, sex and sexuality, culture, media and communication, the environment and the public sphere and the module is structured around these themes.
This interdisciplinary module will explore the issues of race, racism, race relations, racial conflict, and practices of anti-racism in the contemporary UK and worldwide. Although the main focus of this module is on the UK, examples from different parts of the world and a comparative lens will enable us to examine these issues from a global perspective. Beginning with colonial discourses of the ‘racial other’ and the history of colonialism, slavery and indentured labour, this module will examine various theoretical and conceptual debates on race and racism, and critically assess how changing conceptualisations of race and racism arise in specific socio-political and historical contexts. The module will also provide students with the chance to assess the continued significance of race and racism in the contemporary world. Students can benefit from an cross-disciplinary approach that addresses themes across Sociology, Criminology, Politics, International Relations, and Social Policy.
This international relations module seeks to explore the ways in which the contemporary international order can be explained as deriving from the global experience of European colonialism and imperialism. It aims to provide students with the opportunity to develop a knowledge of the nature, politics and consequences of the Western imperial penetration.
The module explores political challenges, processes and debates around the presence of culturally diverse populations in the countries such as the UK, Germany, France and examines the role this presence plays in understanding of national identities.
This module explores the origins of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. It investigates a diverse range of reasons for mass atrocities and genocides through placing them historical, political, philosophical and social contexts to illuminate the origins of such harms and their impact on societies.
† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.
Starting university is a big step and Lincoln is set up to support you throughout.
You’ll have access to:
You won’t be left to figure things out on your own. Support is built into the experience.
At the heart of student life is our library which will provide you with access to more than 260,000 journals and 750,000 print and electronic books, as well as databases and specialist collections.
You can take advantage of our range of modern study areas located across campus, which include learning lounges which give you the opportunity to study alone or with your friends and course mates.
A range of computer suites is available across our buildings on the Brayford Pool Campus.
An International Relations and Politics degree opens doors across a wide range of sectors.
Common career paths:
Example roles:
Why employers value this degree:
Graduates bring:
These are transferable skills, meaning you’re not limited to one career path. This degree is designed to keep your options open while giving you a clear set of employable skills.
Example roles:
Why employers value this degree:
Graduates bring:
96 to 104 UCAS Tariff points.
This must be achieved from a minimum of 2 A Levels or equivalent Level 3 qualifications. For example:
A Level: CCC to BCC
BTEC Extended Diploma: Distinction Merit Merit
T Level: Merit Overall
Access to Higher Education Diploma: 96 to 104 UCAS points to be achieved from 45 Level 3 credits.
International Baccalaureate: 28 points overall.
GCSE's: Minimum of three at grade 4 or above, which must include English . Equivalent Level 2 qualifications may be considered.
The University accepts a wide range of qualifications as the basis for entry and do accept a combination of qualifications which may include A Levels, BTECs, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ).
We may also consider applicants with extensive and relevant work experience and will give special individual consideration to those who do not meet the standard entry qualifications.
Non UK Qualifications:
If you have studied outside of the UK, and are unsure whether your qualification meets the above requirements, please visit our country pages
https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/entryrequirementsandyourcountry/ for information on equivalent qualifications.
EU and Overseas students will be required to demonstrate English language proficiency equivalent to IELTS 6.0 overall, with a minimum of 5.5 in each element. For information regarding other English language qualifications we accept, please visit the English Requirements page
If you do not meet the above IELTS requirements, you may be able to take part in one of our Pre-sessional English and Academic Study Skills courses.
If you would like further information about entry requirements, or would like to discuss whether the qualifications you are currently studying are acceptable, please contact the Admissions team on 01522 886097, or email admissions@lincoln.ac.uk
96 to 104 UCAS Tariff points from a minimum of 2 A Levels or equivalent Level 3 qualifications.
If you are eligible for a contextual offer, a one grade or 8 UCAS Tariff point reduction to the standard entry requirements will be applied.
A Level: BCC
BTEC Extended Diploma: DMM
T Level: Merit Overall
Access to Higher Education Diploma: 104 UCAS points to be achieved from 45 Level 3 credits.
International Baccalaureate: 28 points overall.
GCSE's: Minimum of three at grade 4 or above, which must include English . Equivalent Level 2 qualifications may be considered.
The University accepts a wide range of qualifications as the basis for entry and do accept a combination of qualifications which may include A Levels, BTECs, Extended Project Qualification (EPQ).
We may also consider applicants with extensive and relevant work experience and will give special individual consideration to those who do not meet the standard entry qualifications.
Non UK Qualifications:
If you have studied outside of the UK, and are unsure whether your qualification meets the above requirements, please visit our country pages
https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/entryrequirementsandyourcountry/ for information on equivalent qualifications.
EU and Overseas students will be required to demonstrate English language proficiency equivalent to IELTS 6.0 overall, with a minimum of 5.5 in each element. For information regarding other English language qualifications we accept, please visit the English Requirements page
If you do not meet the above IELTS requirements, you may be able to take part in one of our Pre-sessional English and Academic Study Skills courses.
If you would like further information about entry requirements, or would like to discuss whether the qualifications you are currently studying are acceptable, please contact the Admissions team on 01522 886097, or email admissions@lincoln.ac.uk
This course could be a great fit if you:
University Study is a major investment, so it’s important to understand the costs and support available. A full breakdown of the fees associated with this programme can be found below. Eligible students may be able to access scholarships and bursaries to help with study costs.
University Study is a major investment, so it’s important to understand the costs and support available. A full breakdown of the fees associated with this programme can be found below. Eligible students may be able to access scholarships and bursaries to help with study costs.
The best way to find out what it is really like to live and learn at Lincoln is to visit us in person. We offer a range of opportunities across the year to help you to get a real feel for what it might be like to study here.
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We want you to have all the information you need to make an informed decision on where and what you want to study. In addition to the information provided on this course page, our What You Need to Know page offers explanations on key topics including programme validation/revalidation, additional costs, and contact hours.
We want you to have all the information you need to make an informed decision on where and what you want to study. In addition to the information provided on this course page, our What You Need to Know page offers explanations on key topics including programme validation/revalidation, additional costs, and contact hours.
